The 2025 Nobel Prizes are starting Monday with the medicine prize being announced by a panel at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. Officially known as the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the honor has been awarded 115 times to 229 Nobel Prize laureates between 1901 and 2024. Last year’s prize was shared by Americans Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for their discovery of microRNA, tiny bits of genetic material that serve as on and off switches inside cells that help control what the cells do and when they do it.